猴痘病毒的宿主尚不明确，目前认为非洲啮齿类（非洲松鼠、树松鼠、冈比亚袋鼠、睡鼠等）可能为其自然宿主。传染源包括感染的啮齿类动物、猴和猿等灵长类动物、患者。病例出现症状后至皮疹结痂自然脱落前具有传染性。病例出现症状前4天内可能具有传染性。

murongpingdui《zhongguoxinwenzhoukan》shuo，zuihaoxianyouzhongyangkejiweiduiguojiakeyanjigoujinxingdingweiyouhua，mingqueyaozainaxielingyuzengjiawendingzhichi，“yidingbunengmangmu、qingyidiquzengjiawendingzhichi”。穆(mu)荣(rong)平(ping)对(dui)《(《)中(zhong)国(guo)新(xin)闻(wen)周(zhou)刊(kan)》(》)说(shuo)，(，)最(zui)好(hao)先(xian)由(you)中(zhong)央(yang)科(ke)技(ji)委(wei)对(dui)国(guo)家(jia)科(ke)研(yan)机(ji)构(gou)进(jin)行(xing)定(ding)位(wei)优(you)化(hua)，(，)明(ming)确(que)要(yao)在(zai)哪(na)些(xie)领(ling)域(yu)增(zeng)加(jia)稳(wen)定(ding)支(zhi)持(chi)，(，)“(“)一(yi)定(ding)不(bu)能(neng)盲(mang)目(mu)、(、)轻(qing)易(yi)地(di)去(qu)增(zeng)加(jia)稳(wen)定(ding)支(zhi)持(chi)”(”)。(。)